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  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND:  Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.            PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218022.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker puts cakes into the traditional oven at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK019.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND:  The spire of Santa Cruz Catholic Church towers over the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass004.jpg
  • 06 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: University students buy fresh baked cakes at the walkup window at Thanusingha Bakery, a bakery that specializes in traditional Thai Catholic desert cakes. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Thanusingha Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than five generations. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeries0206014.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker drops batter into cake cups at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK028.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker mixes flour, water and eggs into a batter at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK024.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: The spire of Santa Cruz Catholic church is visible in the background as people buy food from street vendors on Soi Thetsaban Sai 1 in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218011.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A street food vendor prepares a crushed ice dessert for high school student after school in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218006.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A woman prays during mass in Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass018.jpg
  • 06 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker at Thanusingha Bakery mixes batter for traditional Thai Catholic desert cakes. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Thanusingha Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than five generations. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeries0206045.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker pulls cakes out of the oven at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK011.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: People pray during mass at Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass023.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker drops batter into cake cups at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK039.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker covers the lid of the oven in hot coals at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK014.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A woman prays at Wat Prayoon, a Buddhist temple south of the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. The 186-year-old reliquary stupa known as the Phra Borommathat Maha Chedi was restored along with the adjacent Pharin Pariyattithammasala hall that now houses the Prayoon Bhandakharn Museum at the temple formally known as Wat Prayurawongsawas Worawihan. It won  a 2013 Asia-Pacific Heritage Award for Cultural Heritage Conservation from UNESCO.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218020.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND:  A woman prays in front of a painting of the Virgin Mary after mass in Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass034.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A woman makes the sign of the cross at the beginning of mass in Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass017.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND:  Buddhist monks board a cross river ferry at the flower market in Bangkok to go across the Chao Phraya River to the Kudeejeen neighborhood.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass001.jpg
  • 06 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Workers at Thanusingha Bakery pull traditional Thai Catholic desert cakes out of the baking pans. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Thanusingha Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than five generations. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeries0206011.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND:  A worker puts cakes into the traditional oven at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.  PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK018.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker sprinkles sugar on top of cakes in a traditional oven at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK007.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: People eat food from street vendors on Soi Thetsaban Sai 1 in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218013.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND:  A narrow soi (alley) near the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass035.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Women walk through the rain to Sunday mass at Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass015.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Women walk through the rain to Sunday mass at Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass014.jpg
  • 06 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Workers at Thanusingha Bakery pull traditional Thai Catholic desert cakes out of the baking pans. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Thanusingha Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than five generations. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeries0206012.jpg
  • 06 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker at Thanusingha Bakery pulls traditional Thai Catholic desert cakes out of the baking pans. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Thanusingha Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than five generations. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeries0206009.jpg
  • 06 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker at Thanusingha Bakery packages freshly baked traditional Thai Catholic desert cakes. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Thanusingha Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than five generations. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeries0206006.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND:  A worker puts cakes into the traditional oven at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.  PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK016.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker covers the lid of the oven in hot coals at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK013.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Workers pull cakes out of the oven at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK012.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker pulls cakes out of the oven at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK010.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker drops raisins on a cake at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK006.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: The doorway to a Catholic home in Thonburi section of Bangkok near the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery. The bakery makes cakes called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK002.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: The bell shaped stupa (chedi) at Wat Prayoon, a Buddhist temple south of the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. The 186-year-old reliquary stupa known as the Phra Borommathat Maha Chedi was restored along with the adjacent Pharin Pariyattithammasala hall that now houses the Prayoon Bhandakharn Museum at the temple formally known as Wat Prayurawongsawas Worawihan. It won  a 2013 Asia-Pacific Heritage Award for Cultural Heritage Conservation from UNESCO.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218018.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: The Chao Phraya River as seen from the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218016.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND:  Buddhist monks board a cross river ferry at the flower market in Bangkok to go across the Chao Phraya River to the Kudeejeen neighborhood.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass002.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker pulls cakes out of the oven at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK037.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker covers the lid of the oven in hot coals at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK022.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker drops raisins on a cake at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK005.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Boys play soccer in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218003.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Mixing cake batter at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK034.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: People eat food from street vendors on Soi Thetsaban Sai 1 in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218014.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A student at Santa Cruz Catholic school buys a crushed ice dessert from a street vendor in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218008.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Thai girl scouts walk down a soi (alley) in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218001.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: The priest serves communion during mass at Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass030.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND:  Sunday mass at Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass028.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Sunday mass at Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass024.jpg
  • 06 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker at Thanusingha Bakery mixes batter for traditional Thai Catholic desert cakes. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Thanusingha Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than five generations. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeries0206010.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker drops batter into cake cups at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK040.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker mixes flour, water and eggs into a batter at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK036.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker drops raisins on a cake at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK003.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: The bell shaped stupa (chedi) at Wat Prayoon, a Buddhist temple south of the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. The 186-year-old reliquary stupa known as the Phra Borommathat Maha Chedi was restored along with the adjacent Pharin Pariyattithammasala hall that now houses the Prayoon Bhandakharn Museum at the temple formally known as Wat Prayurawongsawas Worawihan. It won  a 2013 Asia-Pacific Heritage Award for Cultural Heritage Conservation from UNESCO.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218019.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A student at Santa Cruz Catholic school buys a crushed ice dessert from a street vendor in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218007.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND:  A woman prays during mass in Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass031.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A woman prays during mass in Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass027.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: The spire of Santa Cruz Catholic church is visible in the background as people buy food from street vendors on Soi Thetsaban Sai 1 in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218012.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: The spire of Santa Cruz Catholic church is visible in the background as people buy food from street vendors on Soi Thetsaban Sai 1 in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218010.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Boys play soccer in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218004.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND:  A woman walks into Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass021.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Sunrise on the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok. This picture was made at the Santa Cruz pier in the Kudeejeen neighborhood.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass009.jpg
  • 06 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A mural on the soi opposite Thanusingha Bakery in the Santa Cruz neighborhood of Bangkok. The bakery sells traditional Thai Catholic desert cakes. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Thanusingha Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than five generations. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeries0206046.jpg
  • 06 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Traditional Thai Catholic desert cakes called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy" at Thanusingha Bakery in Thonburi. The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Thanusingha Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than five generations. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeries0206045.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker mixes flour, water and eggs into a batter at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK033.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker mixes flour, water and eggs into a batter at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK032.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker mixes flour, water and eggs into a batter at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK026.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker covers the lid of the oven in hot coals at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK015.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: People in Santa Cruz Catholic Church for a weekday evening mass in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.            PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218021.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A woman checks her smart phone while she walks down a soi (alley) in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.          PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218017.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: The Chao Phraya River as seen from the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218015.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Sunday mass at Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass020.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A woman prays during mass in Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass019.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND:  A stained glass window at Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass012.jpg
  • 06 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Traditional Thai Catholic desert cakes called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy" at Thanusingha Bakery in Thonburi. The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Thanusingha Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than five generations. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeries0206044.jpg
  • 06 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Thanusingha Bakery in the Santa Cruz neighborhood of Bangkok sells traditional Thai Catholic desert cakes. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Thanusingha Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than five generations. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeries0206042.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A bowl of fresh eggs wait to go into cake batter at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK041.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker pulls cakes out of the oven at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK038.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker drops batter into cake cups at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK031.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker mixes flour, water and eggs into a batter at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK023.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker pulls cakes out of the oven at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK020.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker opens eggs to make batter at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK009.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker opens eggs to make batter at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK008.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker drops raisins on a cake at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK004.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A Catholic crucifix in front of a home in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218002.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Men walk into Sunday mass at Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass016.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker covers the lid of the oven in hot coals at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK021.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: People in Santa Cruz Catholic Church for a weekday evening mass in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.            PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218024.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: The spire of Santa Cruz Catholic church is visible in the background as people buy food from street vendors on Soi Thetsaban Sai 1 in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218009.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Boats on Khlong Bangkok Yai, one of the larger khlongs (canals) in the Thonburi section of Bangkok. Khlong Bangkok Yai runs close to the north edge of the Kudeejeen neighborhood.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass037.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A woman sits on the floor with her rosary at Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass022.jpg
  • 06 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker at Thanusingha Bakery packages freshly baked traditional Thai Catholic desert cakes. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Thanusingha Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than five generations. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeries0206043.jpg
  • 06 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: University students buy fresh baked cakes at the walkup window at Thanusingha Bakery, a bakery that specializes in traditional Thai Catholic desert cakes. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Thanusingha Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than five generations. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeries0206013.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Boats on Khlong Bangkok Yai, one of the larger khlongs (canals) in the Thonburi section of Bangkok. Khlong Bangkok Yai runs close to the north edge of the Kudeejeen neighborhood.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass036.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A woman walks through the rain to Sunday mass at Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass013.jpg
  • 28 OCTOBER 2014 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: A worker at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery in Bangkok. The cakes are called "Kanom Farang Kudeejeen" or "Chinese Monk Candy." The tradition of baking the cakes, about the size of a cupcake or muffin, started in Siam (now Thailand) in the 17th century AD when Portuguese Catholic priests accompanied Portuguese soldiers who assisted the Siamese in their wars with Burma. Several hundred Siamese (Thai) Buddhists converted to Catholicism and started baking the cakes. When the Siamese Empire in Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese the Portuguese and Thai Catholics fled to Thonburi, in what is now Bangkok. The Portuguese established a Catholic church near the new Siamese capital. Now just three families bake the cakes, using a recipe that is 400 years old and contains eggs, wheat flour, sugar, water and raisins. The same family has been baking the cakes at the Pajonglak Maneeprasit Bakery, near Santa Cruz Church, for more than 245 years. There are still a large number of Thai Catholics living in the neighborhood around the church.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PortugueseBakeryBKK035.jpg
  • 18 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: People in Santa Cruz Catholic Church for a weekday evening mass in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770 and is the heart of the community. It is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.            PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    KudejeenNeighborhood0218023.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND:  A woman prays during mass in Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass033.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND:  Sunday mass at Santa Cruz Catholic Church in the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass029.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND: Sunrise on the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok. This picture was made at the Santa Cruz pier in the Kudeejeen neighborhood.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass010.jpg
  • 15 FEBRUARY 2015 - BANGKOK, THAILAND:  The spire of Santa Cruz Catholic Church towers over the Kudeejeen neighborhood in Bangkok. Santa Cruz church was established in 1770  and is one of the oldest and most historic Catholic churches in Thailand. The church was originally built by Portuguese soldiers allied with King Taksin the Great. Taksin authorized the church as a thanks to the Portuguese who assisted the Siamese during the war with Burma. Most of the Catholics in the neighborhood trace their family roots to the original Portuguese soldiers who married Siamese (Thai) women. There are about 300,000 Catholics in Thailand in about 430 Catholic parishes and about 660 Catholic priests in Thailand. Thais are tolerant of other religions and although Thailand is officially Buddhist, Catholics are allowed to freely practice and people who convert to Catholicism are not discriminated against.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SantaCruzMass003.jpg
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Jack Kurtz, Photojournalist & Travel Photographer

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