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  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   The all seeing eye in the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai011.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Vietnamese Lion dancers wait to perform at the grand opening of a new business on highway AH1 near Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Lion dancers are hired to help ensure  good luck and prosperity for the business. PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    RuralVietnam2009.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Vietnamese Lion dancers wait to perform at the grand opening of a new business on highway AH1 near Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Lion dancers are hired to help ensure  good luck and prosperity for the business. PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    RuralVietnam2008.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Vietnamese Lion dancers wait to perform at the grand opening of a new business on highway AH1 near Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Lion dancers are hired to help ensure  good luck and prosperity for the business. PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    RuralVietnam2004.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  A musician leads performs during noon prayers at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai043.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:    A tower on the campus of the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai001.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Men who are members of the Cao Dai wait for noon prayer services to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai010.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  A Cao Dai adherent prays in the main hall of the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai007.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM: Farmers use an ox cart and oxen to collect rice straw from a harvested rice paddy along highway AH1 in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. The straw will be used to feed livestock. Oxen are still used as beasts of burden in Vietnam.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    RuralVietnam2014.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM: Farmers use an ox cart and oxen to collect rice straw from a harvested rice paddy along highway AH1 in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. The straw will be used to feed livestock. Oxen are still used as beasts of burden in Vietnam.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    RuralVietnam2013.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM: Farmers use an ox cart and oxen to collect rice straw from a harvested rice paddy along highway AH1 in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. The straw will be used to feed livestock. Oxen are still used as beasts of burden in Vietnam.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    RuralVietnam2011.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Vietnamese Lion dancers wait to perform at the grand opening of a new business on highway AH1 near Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Lion dancers are hired to help ensure  good luck and prosperity for the business. PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    RuralVietnam2007.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Vietnamese Lion dancers wait to perform at the grand opening of a new business on highway AH1 near Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Lion dancers are hired to help ensure  good luck and prosperity for the business. PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    RuralVietnam2006.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Vietnamese Lion dancers wait to perform at the grand opening of a new business on highway AH1 near Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Lion dancers are hired to help ensure  good luck and prosperity for the business. PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    RuralVietnam2005.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Vietnamese Lion dancers wait to perform at the grand opening of a new business on highway AH1 near Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Lion dancers are hired to help ensure  good luck and prosperity for the business. PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    RuralVietnam2003.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Vietnamese Lion dancers wait to perform at the grand opening of a new business on highway AH1 near Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Lion dancers are hired to help ensure  good luck and prosperity for the business. PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    RuralVietnam2001.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai034.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai033.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai032.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai030.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai029.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai027.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai026.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai025.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Cao Dai clergy, in brightly colored robes, lead adherents into the prayer hall during the noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai024.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Cao Dai clergy, in brightly colored robes, lead adherents into the prayer hall during the noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai023.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Cao Dai clergy, in brightly colored robes, lead adherents into the prayer hall during the noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai022.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   A Cao Dai adherent watchs the main entrance of the prayer hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai019.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   A Cao Dai adherent watchs the main entrance of the prayer hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai017.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Women in the Cao Dai wait for noon prayers to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai014.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   A Cao Dai adherent watchs the main entrance of the prayer hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai042.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Women in the Cao Dai wait for noon prayers to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai013.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai041.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Women in the Cao Dai wait for noon prayers to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai012.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai040.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Cao Dai adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai039.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Men who are members of the Cao Dai wait for noon prayer services to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai009.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  A musician leads performs during noon prayers at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai036.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Men who are members of the Cao Dai wait for noon prayer services to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai008.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  The all seeing eye in the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    Photo by Jack Kurtz / ZUMA Press  PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai005.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  The front of the main worship hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
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  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  The front of the main worship hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
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  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   A man drives an oxcart along highway AH1 in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Oxen are still used as beasts of burden in Vietnam.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
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  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM: Farmers use an ox cart and oxen to collect rice straw from a harvested rice paddy along highway AH1 in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. The straw will be used to feed livestock. Oxen are still used as beasts of burden in Vietnam.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
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  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM: Farmers use an ox cart and oxen to collect rice straw from a harvested rice paddy along highway AH1 in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. The straw will be used to feed livestock. Oxen are still used as beasts of burden in Vietnam.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    RuralVietnam2012.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM: Farmers use an ox cart and oxen to collect rice straw from a harvested rice paddy along highway AH1 in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. The straw will be used to feed livestock. Oxen are still used as beasts of burden in Vietnam.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    RuralVietnam2010.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Vietnamese Lion dancers wait to perform at the grand opening of a new business on highway AH1 near Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Lion dancers are hired to help ensure  good luck and prosperity for the business. PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    RuralVietnam2002.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   A woman prays during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
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  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
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  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
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  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   A Cao Dai adherent sits in the shade before the noon prayer service at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
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  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   A Cao Dai adherent watchs the main entrance of the prayer hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai020.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  The main entrance of the Cao Dai prayer hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai018.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Men who are members of the Cao Dai wait for noon prayer services to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
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  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   A Cao Dai adherent walks past the main hall on the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai043.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  A woman prays during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai037.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  A tower on the campus of the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai006.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  The front of the main worship hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai004.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Men who are members of the Cao Dai wait for noon prayer services to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai015.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   The front of the main worship hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai038.jpg
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Jack Kurtz: Photojournalist & Travel Photographer

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